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My Fourth Grader Is Behind in Reading. He’s Not Alone — and Congress Can Help

Smith: Literacy needs to become a national priority. Passage of the bipartisan Read Act can be a major step toward making that happen.

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This year, my son’s school sent out a book for the entire district to read, “The One and Only Ivan,” about a gorilla who lives in a cage in a mall on the side of a highway. While the book was deeply depressing, what was even more heartbreaking was the fact that my fourth grader, who is the kindest, most creative, most brilliant kid I could ever have the fortune of knowing and loving, could not have read the book on his own. 

Listening to him desperately try to understand stories, struggling to sound out words and losing the plot, was a deeply painful experience for us both. I read the whole book out loud to him. After we finished reading together, he lay in his top bunk and stared at a copy of “Diary of a Wimpy Kid.” I hoped he’d be able to read the words, but I know the truth is that he picks books like that because he can follow the pictures when the letters are too jumbled to make sense of.

This isn’t the first kid I have seen struggle to read. In fact, I have seen hundreds of them. 

In 2010, I was a special education teacher at North High School in Denver. My first week on the job, I was asked to screen incoming freshmen to place struggling readers in an intervention class. As I sat and listened to each one read, I heard the same pain that I hear at night when I listen to my own son. 

The average child in that incoming ninth grade class was reading at a sixth grade level. There were enough 15-year-olds reading below a third grade level to fill an entire classroom. They were old enough to get a learner’s permit to drive a car, but they had been failed so acutely by their education that they could not even write their last names. They could not read the words “question” or “equation,” but had to somehow keep up with high school algebra. 

The worst part of this story is that these kids are in the majority. In nearly every state, fewer than half of students are reading on grade level. Nearly 7 out of 10 high school seniors graduate without being considered proficient readers. These are the people who will be reviewing your medical records, building your houses and measuring the dosage on your prescriptions. 

This cannot continue. So what is the solution? 

The , introduced by a bipartisan coalition led by Sens. Bill Cassidy and Maggie Hassan, is a great start to addressing the nation’s literacy crisis. The legislation is a chance to finally stop pretending this problem will fix itself. If passed, it will help states use proven strategies to teach kids how to read, identify and support struggling students early, and give teachers and families the tools they need to step in before it’s too late. 

In practice, the Read Act would mean that more children are screened early for literacy challenges, so problems are caught before they turn into years of frustration. It would require schools to notify parents if their child is falling behind and to clearly explain what the screening or assessment showed, what supports the school will provide to get students back on track, and what families can do at home to help. Just as importantly, the Read Act would push states to ensure that teachers are trained in evidence-based reading instruction and that classrooms are using high-quality materials that actually teach kids how to read, so fewer families are left trying to fill the gaps on their own.

The science of reading points to an interdisciplinary body of research that emphasizes a structured way of teaching how letters combine into sounds, how sounds combine into words and how words combine to generate meaning. 

Mississippi’s rise from 49th in the nation to the top 10 in fourth grade reading started when the state adopted the science of reading. But the state also backed that shift with literacy coaches, early screening and targeted interventions to help struggling students before they fell too far behind. Using the same approach, Louisiana and Alabama are seeing similar gains. But nationwide, progress remains uneven, with some states embracing these evidence-based strategies while others have been .

The future of America’s children and the country’s prosperity rely on a solution to this problem, and the stakes are too high to patchwork it together. Families need a real, national plan to ensure that children do not continue to fall behind. 

Reading is not optional, and families are no longer willing to accept a system where children are promoted year after year without the skills they need. All students deserve a future where they can thrive, and families like mine deserve a future where they aren’t left reading bedtime stories with a knot in their stomachs. Literacy needs to become a national priority, and that needs to happen now.

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