A University of Washington professor received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work designing new proteins, the building blocks of life.

David Baker, professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington School of Medicine and director of the school鈥檚 Institute for Protein Design, received the prize for computational protein design, along with Demis Hassabis and John Jumper of Google DeepMind, whose work with artificial intelligence helps predict the shape of proteins.

Their work could help accelerate the creation of new medicines and vaccines, expand abilities to break down things like plastic and other pollutants, or open opportunities to build new materials altogether.

鈥淧roteins solve all of the problems that living things have to deal with,鈥� Baker told reporters on Wednesday. 鈥淪o if you can make new proteins, you can potentially solve a lot of current problems for which there aren鈥檛 proteins to deal with.鈥�

Baker, 62, is the eighth University of Washington faculty member and the sixth School of Medicine faculty member to receive the Nobel Prize.

Designing new proteins was always a 鈥渃razy idea鈥� 鈥� one scientists have been trying to crack for decades, Baker said.

His work eventually led him to create computer software that analyzes information about existing proteins in order to build new ones. That software, along with the use of Hassabis鈥� and Jumper鈥檚 artificial intelligence tools that predict protein structure, could help scientists more quickly and accurately understand and construct proteins.

鈥淒avid and his team really contributed and led the cracking of the code to protein structure, how amino acid chains fold together in a three-dimensional structure to be the building blocks of life,鈥� said Dr. Timothy Dellit, CEO of UW Medicine and dean of the UW School of Medicine.

Proteins from Baker鈥檚 lab have already contributed to the development of , , and a medication for celiac disease.

University of Washington President Ana Mari Cauce called Baker鈥檚 work 鈥渁 truly visionary approach to protein science.鈥�

鈥淭his is as good as it gets,鈥� she told reporters Wednesday. 鈥淭his is about taking these great basic science ideas and pushing them out so that they make a difference in the world.鈥�

Baker grew up in Seattle, and his parents were both faculty members at the university. He completed his undergraduate degree at Harvard University in 1984 and earned his doctorate in biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley in 1989. He joined the faculty at UW鈥檚 Department of Biochemistry in 1993.

For Baker, his work is just beginning. Now that his lab has figured out how to design new proteins, Baker said they will continue to experiment more with how to use them. For example, he and his students are looking at ways to block snake venom in the body, improve the efficiency of photosynthesis, or remove toxic tissue from the bloodstream.

He praised the university as an 鈥渁bsolutely wonderful place to do science.鈥�

鈥淚鈥檝e been here for a long time and never thought for a nanosecond about leaving,鈥� Baker said.

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Thousands of college students will get hundreds of dollars in compensation as colleges and universities move this summer to settle multimillion-dollar lawsuits stemming from canceled classes and activities during COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns.

While some of the class-action suits against the colleges and universities are still in litigation, and still others dismissed, several major cases have been settled in recent weeks.

The settlements mean students who were charged tuition and fees but weren鈥檛 able to use in-person services during the pandemic shutdowns will receive some compensation, though they won鈥檛 be refunded for all the on-campus amenities they lost.

The amounts depend on the total settlement figure, minus legal fees and other court expenses. Each case has a different timeline.

Most recently, the University of Delaware agreed in June to set up a $6.3 million fund to partially reimburse tuition and fees that the students paid for classes, housing and activities in 2020. The students argued that they did not receive the full benefit of in-person participation in academics and extra-curricular activities. Each student is expected to receive as part of the agreement.

But the university did not admit wrongdoing and maintained that extenuating circumstances of the pandemic, and the lack of an official contract between the school and each student, meant it was justified in taking the tuition and fees 鈥� an argument made by many other schools.

Many universities also have argued that they incurred significant expense in making the almost immediate transition to online classes. In interviews with Stateline, attorneys for some schools argued that the students鈥� argument was undercut by the fact that many chose to remain in remote classes after the campuses reopened, for convenience or health concerns.

Florida attorney Mendy Halberstam, who was not involved in the Delaware case but who represents other universities that have been similarly sued, said in an interview that the schools feel compelled to defend themselves against cases they believe 鈥渁re lacking in merit.鈥�

鈥淭hey are not looking to make life difficult for their students,鈥� he said, 鈥渂ut they also have to make sure of their [lack of] liability.鈥�

There have been about 300 such lawsuits, according to a British publication that partners with The Wall Street Journal on rankings and evaluations of U.S. schools.

The University of Colorado, for example, in April for $5 million.

Attorney Igor Raykin, who represented the Colorado students, said the settlement was 鈥渁 reasonable offer given the challenges of the suit itself and the legal landscape in general.鈥�

Among the challenges, Raykin said, is the fact that these were precedent-setting cases and that a lengthy legal process meant many of the students have already graduated and gotten on with their lives.

鈥淲e wanted to make sure the students would be getting something that would benefit them.鈥� Individual awards will vary, he said, but typically will be in the hundreds of dollars.

In May, the University of Minnesota , allowing students to get bigger refunds of tuition and fees than the school initially allowed. And in June, a judge a group of students in a class-action suit against the University of Washington.

However, early this year a judge in Rhode Island against the University of Rhode Island and several other schools in that state, that there were no enforceable contracts breached in the shutdowns. The plaintiffs argued that the shutdowns denied them university experiences they expected, based on the schools鈥� marketing materials, websites, course catalogs, student handbooks and the like.

But U.S. District Judge John McConnell Jr. ruled that, 鈥渦nfortunately for [the] plaintiffs, these general advertisements and distinctions do not create obligations on the part of the university 鈥� they are vague and more akin to puffery, rather than enforceable promises.鈥�

Two weeks ago, the Florida Supreme Court it would consider a class-action suit from University of Florida students asking for compensation for being denied services during the COVID-19 shutdown.

But in another Florida case, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals a ruling from a lower court dismissing a student鈥檚 lawsuit against the University of Miami, a private school.

The university refunded pro-rated fees for housing, dining, student centers and gyms. The student argued that wasn鈥檛 enough, but the court ruled that she was 鈥渘ot entitled to damages stemming from any alleged breach of contract, unjust enrichment, or inadequate refunds on the part of Miami.鈥�

鈥淭he pandemic forced students of all ages to learn from behind their computer screens for a period of time, and we certainly harbor a great deal of sympathy for those students whose educations and relationships were affected by the transition,鈥� the court wrote.

鈥淲e hope that some comfort can be found, however, in our certainty that despite enduring the hardships created by the pandemic, any student who has earned a degree from a school like the University of Miami retains the unspoiled potential for a fulfilling and prosperous future.鈥�

Florida attorney Jeffrey Ostrow, who represented students in a lawsuit against Barry University, a private school in Miami, said the cases have been 鈥渁 mixed bag all over the place.鈥� In one of the earliest settlements, Barry University in September 2021 compensation fund for students.

Ostrow maintains that universities did enter contracts for in-person learning and campus activities.

鈥淎ll these students signed up for a program in class,鈥� he said, noting that schools often charged less for online classes before the pandemic. 鈥淲hether [the university] was forced to, or decided unilaterally to shut those things down, it鈥檚 not fair for them to keep the [in-class payments].鈥�

He also noted that many schools got pandemic relief payments from the federal government to help them weather the pandemic.

鈥淭here was federal money that a lot of the schools were able to get,鈥� Ostrow said. 鈥淎nd we believe that money should have gone back to the students.鈥�

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